In the time of Jesus, nard was imported from India. Nard is native to Nepal and other Himalayan mountains. Nard is a perennial herb covered with hair. Plants especially the roots contain aromatic essential oil, which is mixed with other oil to make spikenard perfume. it is contained in an alabaster bottle.

Spikenard was imported from India and Himalayan mountains, it was very expensive in Israel in the time of Jesus.
In John 12:5, Judas Iscariot said "Why was this fragrant oil not sold for three hundred denarii and given to the poor?"
In Matthew 20:2, it is mentioned "Now when he had agreed with the laborers for a denarius a day, he sent them into his vineyard.

From the above two parts of the Bible, it is apparent that in order to buy Spikenard, people has to work for 300 days.

Eaglewood, Aloe

Aquilaria agallocha
Thymelaeaceae

Aloe vera
Liliaceae

John１９：３９〜４０、Psa ４５：８〜９、Sol ４：１２〜１４

Eaglewood is obtained fromAquilaria agallocha etc. which is a tall tree of 30m height and 1m across. Native to East India and also in South East Asia. Among genus Aquillalia, a few plants supply the aromatic eaglewood, which contain oleolesin.

Eaglewood is always mixed up with Aloe(Aloe vera), which grew in Egypt and was used as medicine and to make a mummy. Aloe is native to South East Arabia.

Gum Tragacanth

Astragalus gummifer, Astragalus spp.(photo.O.Fragman)
Papillionaceae

Hebrew word "nekhoth" mentioned above as spices is considered as the resin from a kind of Astragalus grown in the mountains of １２００ｍ〜２１００ｍ height from Lebanon to Sinai, Gum Tragacanth Astragalus gummifer or Bethlehem Milk VetchAstragalus bethlehemicus.